First Aid
The basic principles of first aid are the same for marsupials as they are for humans.
The priorities are:
Safety
Ensure:
- Safety of rescuers
- Safety of bystanders
- Safety of patient
- Prevent Further Injury
Only move the animal if it is in a situation where further injury may be caused or if it is necessary to administer first aid. An unconscious animal should not be transported unconfined in a vehicle.
Maintain Life
In order of priority:
- Clear the airway
- Stop the bleeding
- Maintain body temperature
- Minimise stress
Leave wound and fracture treatment till later.
Clear the Airway
- Remove any obstruction from the mouth quickly but gently.
DO NOT compromise your own safety. If unable to remove the obstruction - seek veterinarian help immediately. - If there is no obstruction but the animal has difficulty breathing, place in a warm stress free area and observe.
- If unconscious, extend neck with head slightly backwards to keep the larynx open. Position the animal on its side with the head lowered (but above the stomach level) to allow fluids to drain.
- Check the nostrils are clear of secretions or debris.
Stop the bleeding
- Apply firm pressure with fingers, hand or pad.
- If bleeding persists, apply a soft dressing and bandage.
- Do not let bandage obstruct breathing.
- If bleeding continues - seek veterinary attention.
Maintain Body Temperature
Important:
Remember that marsupials have a lower body temperature than humans (35 - 36 degrees is normal for marsupials and approximately 30 degrees for echidnas).
Constant body temperature is very important for any animal under stress.
Provide artificial heat if the animal is hypothermic.
- DO NOT OVER HEAT
- DO NOT FEED
- If the animal is heat stressed, cool it down slowly.
Minimise Stress
All animals should be kept in a warm, quiet, dark environment. Small animals or pouch joeys should be placed in an appropriate sized pouch and then in a well padded esky or hospital box. A blanket can be used around larger animals for warmth.
As soon as possible, assess the animal for viability. This should take into account the amount of suffering likely to be endured by the animal and its prospects for rehabilitation. Animals that are not viable should be euthanased as soon and as humanely as possible.
For treatment of injuries, refer to Common Injuries and Diseases.
